Ruth J. Simmons Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice

2025 Annual Report Update: Human Trafficking Research Cluster

This project fosters collaborative critical inquiry into the study of human trafficking, as well as cultivates an intersectional framework that acknowledges the ways in which race, class, gender, nation, and sexual forms of power and inequality govern contemporary anti-trafficking efforts.

During the 2024–2025 academic year, the Human Trafficking Research Cluster (HTRC) advanced its ongoing partnership with Red Canary Song (RCS), a grassroots coalition of migrant Asian massage workers and sex workers, through the launch of “body workers’ atlas: data justice for migrant massage workers” — a landmark digital countermapping project. This initiative juxtaposes publicly accessible data from the NYPD and NYC Department of Buildings (DOB) on policing and evictions with oral histories gathered by RCS from Asian migrant workers who have borne the brunt of intensified surveillance and violence.

Elena Shih smiling as she's talking at a panel
HTRC Book Launch event for Professor Shih’s “Manufacturing Freedom: Sex Work, Anti-Trafficking Rehab, and the Racial Wages of Rescue” (University of California Press 2023). Photo by Watson School of International and Public Affairs.

The “body workers’ atlas” emerged at a critical political moment, coinciding with NYC Mayor Eric Adams administration’s “Restore Roosevelt” campaign — a 90-day crackdown that heightened policing in specifically Queens, NY — and amid a broader resurgence of anti-immigrant and anti-worker rhetoric nationally under the Trump administration. The project offers a powerful spatial and narrative intervention against the criminalization of Asian massage work, exposing how DOB mechanisms are weaponized to target marginalized workers under the guise of public safety and code enforcement.

A group of people seated around a table talking
“body workers’ atlas” launch event featuring Jane Shim (AALDEF), Alejandro Ortiz (ACLU), Soniya Munshi (CUNY), Catherine D’Ignazio (MIT), Fran Yu (RCS), Lisa (RCS), Mei Mei (RCS) and HTRC Student Research Cluster Map designers, Shravya Sompalli (ETHN ’25) & Arman Deendar (HIST ’25). Photo by Watson School of International and Public Affairs.

In response to the map's findings and ongoing community advocacy, HTRC collaborated with RCS and the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) to sue the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) over their failure to respond to Freedom of Information Law (FOIL) requests to release documents related to inspections and enforcement against massage parlors. The research cluster’s work has found that discriminatory enforcement practices disproportionately harm Asian immigrant communities. This legal challenge underscores HTRC’s commitment to praxis-oriented research that amplifies community voices and translates data-driven analysis into tangible policy and legal interventions.

Elena Shih

Human Trafficking Research Cluster Faculty Fellow
Associate Director of Academics
Director of Graduate Studies, MA in Public Humanities, 2025–2028
Associate Professor of American Studies and Ethnic Studies

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In 2024, the Human Trafficking Research Cluster marked major milestones: launching a new book on sex worker health in Rhode Island, continuing collaborative research with Red Canary Song, and preparing to debut “Liberation Atlas,” a digital map of policing violence against Asian massage workers in NYC.
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The summer after her sophomore year at Pomona College, Elena Shih ’04 interned as a Mandarin-language legal intake counselor with the Asian Pacific American Legal Center in Los Angeles.
That experience—made possible by the Pomona College Internship Program (PCIP)—changed her life.
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In 2023, the HTRC celebrated the launch of "White Supremacy, Racism, and the Coloniality of Anti-Trafficking", an anthology exploring how anti-trafficking efforts are rooted in systemic racism and colonial power structures. The cluster also premiered "Fly in Power", a documentary on Asian migrant massage workers, highlighting labor exploitation and racial justice.
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